Previously, we have talked about using suitable greases for
different applications. Basically, we want to use low
temperature greases for low temperature applications and high
temperature greases for high temperature applications. The
reason is quite simple - we want the grease to form a thin film
of lubricating oil between the rubbing surfaces.

If we use high temperature grease for normal temperature
applications, the chances are the grease will still be in
semi-solid state and will not flow to cover the contact surfaces
of the moving components during operating conditions.

Assuming you have chosen the correct grease, how do you determine
how much you need to put into the bearing?

Excessive grease lubrication can easily cause overheating. The
grease gets churned around within the moving parts of the bearing
and has nowhere to go. The temperature rises. The grease becomes
the wrong temperature selection even though the application is
correct.

A general rule to follow is that the bearing should be filled
completely but the free space in the housing only partially. This
gives room for the grease to be ejected from the bearing on
start-up.

However, there is some grease, the so-called “totally-filled”
greases like lithium soap greases that can allow filling up to 90%
of the free space in the housing, without risk of a temperature
rise. This is because they are special. Their stability at high
temperatures is excellent and can be utilized over a wider
temperature range than sodium soap greases.

By filling up all the free space, impurities are effectively
prevented from entering and damaging the bearings and the
lubricating intervals can be extended.

For most other greases, the general rule applies.

Bearings can be divided into two categories - non-separable and
separable bearings. No matter which bearing type it is, the general
practice is to fill up the space between inner race, the outer race,
and the rolling components (ball or roller) on both sides of the
bearing. Because of its consistency, the grease should be able to
remain in place without dropping off. In this way, we can ensure
that the rubbing contact surface actually has grease on it.

For relubrication, how much is enough? The following formula gives
a good indication:

G = 0.005 DB

where,
G = grease quantity in grams
D = bearing outside diameter in mm
B = total bearing width in mm

By practicing proper lubrication, the bearings should be able to
last for a long time. However, bearings can still fail if it has
not been installed properly or for other reasons.

Until next time…

Check Out What Happens at Home! Amazing Spy Camera lets You
check your maid, children, family while you are away.
Excellent Monitoring Tool
for Industry and Home.

About the Author

Thomas Yoon’s skill in illustration/writing has enabled him to produce
numerous ebooks on engineering subjects that can be downloaded at
Engineering E-books. He has also produced an ebook on
“50 Secrets of Truth and Life”
that is fully illustrated with cartoons in a humorous way.

Herbs were recorded in use as early as 2500 B.C. Ancient clay tablets reveal that the Sumerians used Herbs. The ancient Assyrians knew about the virtues of 250 herbs. The ancient Egyptians also used herbs as early as 1600 B.C. The Herbs they used included elderberry, pomegranate bark, wild lettuce, wormwood, hemlock and other herbs for health. The Greeks of old used herbs such as mustard, cinnamon, gentian, rhubarb and many others. A pupil of Aristotle wrote ten books on the history of plans and herbs. Alexander the Great made a number of expeditions into Africa, Persia and India and brought back herbs in use in those countries.

A Roman Soldier and writer, Pliny, the Elders did extensive research on herbs and wrote 47 large volumes on natural history, containing information on about 1000 herb plants.

It is important to look at Herbs as being a type of medicine, and with all medicines the important part of the equation is not how great a medicine is. The important part is whether the medicine is right for the patient.

Early herb gardens were the major source for food seasoning. The need for homegrown herbs, however, declined with the advent of modern stores. Today, many gardeners are rediscovering the joy and pleasure of producing their own herbs.

Definition of Herb

From the botanical viewpoint, an herb is a seed plant that does not produce a woody stem like a tree. But an herb will live long enough to develop flowers and seeds.

Number of Herbs Available

A true herb connoisseur can select from a wide variety of common and not-so-common herbs. For example, the E & A Evetts Ashfields Herb Nursery of Shropshire, England, lists 57 herbs, 16 mints, 17 onion-type herbs, 20 sages, and 17 thymes in a recent catalog. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden Handbook on Herbs lists 73 different types of herbs.

Some herbs fit into one or more classifications according to use — culinary, aromatic, ornamental, and medicinal.

About The Author

Jeff Anderson knows his herbs. He knows what to look for and what pitfalls to avoid. Let him guide you to finding out more about herbs. Contact him at Jeff@herb-lunch.com or visit the blog at his site www.herb-lunch.com

When everything’s settled after the seller has posted a product
in eBay, there’s only one thing that needs to be accomplished:
payment mode.

When selling something, the most important thing a seller must
consider is how he or she shall be paid. This is a very risky
decision since a lot of fraudulent activities in eBay involve
payment.

PAYPAL

This is the most common way of paying a seller on eBay.

PayPal is an online business that facilitates the transaction of
transferring a monetary amount between a merchant account and an
online buyer. Because it is electronic, it is basically a
paperless transaction.

It was in October 2002 when PayPal was purchased by eBay.
Before, PayPal was just a choice of most eBay users, whether
it’s a buyer or a seller. The other choices that time involves
eBay’s subordinate, BillPoint.

However, due to a relative percentage of PayPal, being the most
widely used mode of payment by almost fifty percent of eBay
buyers and sellers, eBay had eventually phased out BillPoint and
concentrate more on PayPal.

Right now, there is another company that is in the same line of
business like PayPal. This competitor is known as BidPay. There
had been reports that a number of eBay buyers and sellers resort
to this kind of payment scheme.

ESCROW

For high-priced items, eBay recommends that the method of
payment should be with an eBay approved escrow service like the
one that can be found at www.escrow.com

Buyers and sellers should take note that there are fake escrow
companies lurking in eBay. Hence, it’s important to detect if
the escrow company that the buyer and the seller deals with is
approved by eBay.

EBay recommends that sellers, as well as buyers, should only
contact eBay approved escrow companies like escrow.com for
Canada, U’.S., and U.K. eBay users; escrowaustralia.com.au for
eBay users in Australia; escrow-europia.com for eBay users in
Spain and Italy; ebay.iloxx.de for German eBay users; and
tripledeal.com for eBay users in France, Netherlands, and
Belgium.

EBay strongly warns its buyers and sellers not to do transaction
concerning wire transfers like the Western Union. This is a very
unsafe mode of payment because it does not guarantee the
concerned person that the process will be smooth.

So, it’s best for every seller and buyer on eBay to opt for the
mentioned payment methods so as to be sure of an honest and
reliable business transaction. Besides, eBay will protect the
sellers and buyers if the transactions were made under these
approved eBay mode of payment.

Copyright 2006 Richard Grady

I have recently changed the service which I use to send my email
newsletter every couple of weeks. This has resulted in all of my
subscribers having to re-confirm that they would like to
continue receiving the newsletter.

Of course when dealing with moving such a large number of people
to a new service (over 40,000 subscribers!), it is inevitable
that I would lose some along the way. I am still in the process
of moving the list but I anticipated from the start that I would
lose as many as 80% of my subscribers BUT, (and this is the
thing you might think is weird!), I am totally happy with that.

WHY?

Let me explain…..

Well there are several reasons:

1. I started building this newsletter list in 2001 so many of
the emails held on the list are several years old. I am sure
that several thousand addresses are ‘old’ and no longer checked
by the original user. How many of you have the same email
address that you had 5 years ago? I can only estimate how many
such addresses I have in my list but for the sake of putting a
figure on it, let’s say 15% of addresses are out of date.

2. As I have already stated above, I know that thousands of
people were not receiving the newsletter because of the
filtering policies of their ISP. I know this because I have had
emails on a regular basis from people that have subscribed but
never actually got the newsletters. I know I had sent them, they
just weren’t getting through. Also, since asking everyone to
re-confirm their subscription, several people have emailed to
say that they have received the new ‘confirmation’ email despite
not having had a newsletter for months. Again, I can only really
estimate this figure but based on the information I have, I
reckon that as many as 60% of the emails sent could fall into
this category.

3. For a variety of other reasons, I know that a large
percentage of newsletters sent are never read. For some time now
I have been publishing the newsletter as a web page so I know
exactly how many emails I have sent out and how many people have
gone on to read the newsletter. Let’s say that 10% of emails
sent don’t get read for ‘other reasons’.

Based on the figures above, 85% of previous newsletters were
either not getting to the intended recipient or were not being
read when they did get there. This estimate is supported by the
number of web page views each newsletter was getting.

So you can begin to see why I was pretty relaxed about reducing
my subscriber list by so many names - there is really no point
in sending emails to so many people if such a high percentage
are not even receiving/reading them.

Basically I have ‘trimmed the fat’ from my list and now have a
smaller (though there are still several thousand of you!) but
far more up to date group of subscribers that I know are
interested in what I write about and that can actually receive
the newsletters when I send them

The Oldest Tattoo Studio in Greece

The trendy district of Plaka in Athens is thriving with restaurants, souvenir shops and cafes, and jewellery stores. It has the perfect balance of tourist flare with an authentic Athens vibe. If you’re into archaeology or historical monuments, Plaka is the perfect destination. It’s also a good place to go to get a tattoo. Stop and visit the brother sister tattoo artists, Paula and Anna Mamatsis at the oldest tattoo shop in Greece, Jimmy’s Custom Tattoo.

The Tattoo Studio is located at 13 Kyristou Street, on gorgeous Acropolis Hill. It was opened in 1977 by Paul and Anna’s father Jimmy, who is now a legend in the area. Jimmy travelled the sea in the 1950’s and 1960’s, spending some time in Bombay where he first found a love for tattoos. “It was a hand tapped job of a Native American chief and cost six rupees,” he says. “But damn if it didn’t look good. I couldn’t wait to get another!” He skipped to Toronto and spent some time in Canada and New York City where he worked as a greenhorn tattoo artist. He returned to Athens in the late 60’s and began tattooing out of his home in 1973. It was a risky move considering tattooing was an illegal profession in Greece at this time. But Jimmy fought the law and the government finally licensed his tattoo shop in 1982. It was the first studio in Greece to operate legally.

Jimmy’s is the only tattoo shop in Plaka. According to Paul there are about 30 other studios around town and probably 50 home studios. Paul has been tattooing since 1980 and enjoys the life long connection to art that tattoos provide. “I’ve always been attracted to the beauty, the passion, and the spiritual energy of tattooing, and when it all comes together you express life through artistic creativity on other people’s skin. For me, tattooing is one of the most respectful professions I can think of. It’s an experience in life.”

Paul and his sister Anna have tattooed a variety of clients ranging from Greek models, football players, tourists, accountants, lawyers and doctors. Since Jimmy is legendary in Greece, people come to the shop first to check it out. Jimmy’s is open 7am to 10pm, Monday through Saturday and by appointment on Sundays.